NONI KAITA
Botanical Description Family: Rubiaceae, Genus: Morinda, Species: citrifolia Linn.
Noni is an evergreen shrub that grows commonly in open coastal regions at sea level and in wooded areas above 400 meters above sea level. It is easily identifiable by its straight trunk and large, bright green leaves elliptical, tubular white flowers and its fruit characteristic ovoid, similar to passion fruit, yellowish green. The fruit can grow to 12 cm or more and has a lumpy surface covered by polygonal-shaped sections. The triangular seeds are reddish brown and have an air bag attached to the end. The ripe fruit of the Noni has a characteristic smell and taste like the cheese due to the presence of carboxylic acids (1).
Used Parts
Traditional Medicine exploit all parts of this plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds (2).
Uses in Traditional Medicine
The traditional Polynesian healers report that the fruit can be consumed directly or juice, or added to their recipes in order to treat conditions like arthritis, the effects of aging, tuberculosis and a variety of diseases.Healers use every part of the plant to treat specific problems. For example, the leaves are used for joints, headaches, or drink in tea as a tonic. The bark is crushed to extract a liquid that is used to treat urinary tract problems.Noni is also used in topical form. The ripe fruit is crushed to produce a paste that is applied on burns and infected wounds to drain the pus. The green fruit pulp mixed with salt is applied to cuts and fractures to accelerate healing. Noni fruit juice is used as a shampoo to treat lice. It is also recommended for hypertension and diabetes mellitus (2).
Chemical Composition
Noni has one of the richest photochemical compositions of nature having been identified to date more than 140 different molecules within these we have (1,2,3,4,5):- Alkaloids: Proxeronine- Enzymes: Proxeroninasa, Bromelain.- Anthraquinones: Damnacanthal, Nordamnacanthal, Alizarin Morindadiol, Morindin, Morindona, Rubiadina, Rubiadina-1-methyl ether.- Phytosterols: beta-sitosterol- Piran: Acacetina-7-0 (+)-glucopyranoside, of ramnosil, 8-D-glucopyranoside pentaacetic.- Coumarins: Scopoletin- Terpenes- Polysaccharides: Noni-ppt- Iriodes glycosides: Acubina, L-asperula, asperulosídico acid, citrifolinosido- Flavonol glycosides: routine, quercetin- Organic acids, ursolic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, octanoic acid, linoleic acid- Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Aspartate, Cysteine, Cystine, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Glutamate, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine.- Vitamins: Carotene, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K.- Minerals: Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Selenium.
Xeronine System (1)
Chemist Ralph Heinicke in 1953 stated that the Noni fruit contains natural precursor Xeronine, which he called Proxeronine. This substance is converted into the alkaloid Xeronine in our body through the action of the enzyme Proxeroninasa (also contained in Noni).Xeronine is postulated that acts by modifying the structure of proteins. When a protein such as a receptor, an enzyme or a signal transducer, it has no proper conformation, does not work correctly.Xeronine interacting with proteins act allowing to fold into its proper conformation and thus to function properly.In any situation that gives rise to a problem at the cellular level due to altered protein structure, the presence of Xeronina be beneficial. This alkaloid acts as a normal metabolic coregulatory critical. This partly explains why Noni extract can help many health problems in different ways.It has been shown that levels of Xeronine in the body decreases as they age, which is associated with aging phenomena. Furthermore, their levels may decrease in relation to the degree of environmental pollution, poor diet, stress and chronic diseases.
Biological and Clinical Research ActivitiesAntioxidant Effect
It has been shown that the Noni extract possesses superoxide radical scavenging activity (O2. -) lipid peroxidation and reduced, and its antioxidant activity is 2.8 times higher than that of vitamin C (1).In experimental models of injury by CCl4 carcinogen O2 .- production reduced by 50% and lipid peroxidation levels in 20% (6). In vivo has been shown that the Noni extract protects smokers from oxidative damage induced by smoke snuff and found to decrease by 23% O2 .- and lipid peroxidation in 27% (1).This effect may play an important role in preventing health problems associated with increased oxidative stress such as cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Anticarcinogenic Effect
Studies on the antitumor activity of Noni began in 1992 when Dr. Hirazumi at the University of Hawaii showed that the alcoholic extract of the fruit was on lines of action lung cancer in mice, work that was presented at the 83rd Annual Conference American Association for Cancer Research. He concluded that the extract suppressed tumor growth directly by stimulating the immune system. It also showed that survival had increased healing effects even when the extract combined with insufficient doses of chemotherapy, which indicates that Noni enhances the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs and may benefit patients by decreasing the required dose of these drugs to have the same effect (1).Recently, Dr. Wang and colleagues demonstrated the effect of the extract of Noni in cultured cell lines of leukemia, found that at low doses induces apoptosis (programmed cell death is triggered within the affected cell) and at higher doses, necrosis (death inflammatory cell, produced a violent injury and cell disruption). This shows the direct cellular effects of Noni in tumor cells by regulating the cell death process. This study also demonstrated the synergistic effect with other drugs Noni tumor, increasing their effectiveness and allowing lower your dose, which would improve their tolerance and decrease its toxic effects, especially on the immune system (1).In 1993 appeared in the journal Cancer Letters a report from Dr. Hiramatzu who reported an inhibitory effect on the role of ras oncogene by anthraquinone-like substance isolated from Noni, the damnacanthal. This oncogene is involved in intracellular signal transduction in several human cancers including lung, colon, pancreas and leukemia. Another study reported later by Hiwasa similar inhibitory activity on tyrosine kinases, proteins involved in regulating cell growth and cancer (7).Also reported an inhibitory effect on cell transformation (one of the steps involved in the origin of cancer) for two glycosides extracted from Noni in a study published by Dr. Dong in the journal Cancer Research. This effect correlated with inhibitory activity on protein AP-1 (7.8).Another potential mechanism by which Noni can block tumor growth is angiogenesis, the process by which the tumor creates new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and provide a pathway to secrete substances that alter the body's functions. Noni extract shown to inhibit the onset of capillary formation in breast tumors and degeneration of the already formed (9).
Antimicrobial Effect
Antibacterial Effect. It has been shown that components of Noni as acubina, L-asperula and alizarin, found in the fruit and the anthraquinones present in their roots, they work as antibacterial agents (1).These compounds have shown activity against bacteria that cause human diseases such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus Morgani, Staphylococcus aureus, Baciillis subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. These substances are responsible for the effectiveness of Noni to treat skin infections and respiratory and other problems caused by bacteria (1).Noni may also help combat gastritis and peptic ulcers by inhibiting the growth of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (1).
Tuberculosis Effect.
Botanical Description Family: Rubiaceae, Genus: Morinda, Species: citrifolia Linn.
Noni is an evergreen shrub that grows commonly in open coastal regions at sea level and in wooded areas above 400 meters above sea level. It is easily identifiable by its straight trunk and large, bright green leaves elliptical, tubular white flowers and its fruit characteristic ovoid, similar to passion fruit, yellowish green. The fruit can grow to 12 cm or more and has a lumpy surface covered by polygonal-shaped sections. The triangular seeds are reddish brown and have an air bag attached to the end. The ripe fruit of the Noni has a characteristic smell and taste like the cheese due to the presence of carboxylic acids (1).
Used Parts
Traditional Medicine exploit all parts of this plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds (2).
Uses in Traditional Medicine
The traditional Polynesian healers report that the fruit can be consumed directly or juice, or added to their recipes in order to treat conditions like arthritis, the effects of aging, tuberculosis and a variety of diseases.Healers use every part of the plant to treat specific problems. For example, the leaves are used for joints, headaches, or drink in tea as a tonic. The bark is crushed to extract a liquid that is used to treat urinary tract problems.Noni is also used in topical form. The ripe fruit is crushed to produce a paste that is applied on burns and infected wounds to drain the pus. The green fruit pulp mixed with salt is applied to cuts and fractures to accelerate healing. Noni fruit juice is used as a shampoo to treat lice. It is also recommended for hypertension and diabetes mellitus (2).
Chemical Composition
Noni has one of the richest photochemical compositions of nature having been identified to date more than 140 different molecules within these we have (1,2,3,4,5):- Alkaloids: Proxeronine- Enzymes: Proxeroninasa, Bromelain.- Anthraquinones: Damnacanthal, Nordamnacanthal, Alizarin Morindadiol, Morindin, Morindona, Rubiadina, Rubiadina-1-methyl ether.- Phytosterols: beta-sitosterol- Piran: Acacetina-7-0 (+)-glucopyranoside, of ramnosil, 8-D-glucopyranoside pentaacetic.- Coumarins: Scopoletin- Terpenes- Polysaccharides: Noni-ppt- Iriodes glycosides: Acubina, L-asperula, asperulosídico acid, citrifolinosido- Flavonol glycosides: routine, quercetin- Organic acids, ursolic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, octanoic acid, linoleic acid- Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Aspartate, Cysteine, Cystine, Phenylalanine, Glycine, Glutamate, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine.- Vitamins: Carotene, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K.- Minerals: Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Selenium.
Xeronine System (1)
Chemist Ralph Heinicke in 1953 stated that the Noni fruit contains natural precursor Xeronine, which he called Proxeronine. This substance is converted into the alkaloid Xeronine in our body through the action of the enzyme Proxeroninasa (also contained in Noni).Xeronine is postulated that acts by modifying the structure of proteins. When a protein such as a receptor, an enzyme or a signal transducer, it has no proper conformation, does not work correctly.Xeronine interacting with proteins act allowing to fold into its proper conformation and thus to function properly.In any situation that gives rise to a problem at the cellular level due to altered protein structure, the presence of Xeronina be beneficial. This alkaloid acts as a normal metabolic coregulatory critical. This partly explains why Noni extract can help many health problems in different ways.It has been shown that levels of Xeronine in the body decreases as they age, which is associated with aging phenomena. Furthermore, their levels may decrease in relation to the degree of environmental pollution, poor diet, stress and chronic diseases.
Biological and Clinical Research ActivitiesAntioxidant Effect
It has been shown that the Noni extract possesses superoxide radical scavenging activity (O2. -) lipid peroxidation and reduced, and its antioxidant activity is 2.8 times higher than that of vitamin C (1).In experimental models of injury by CCl4 carcinogen O2 .- production reduced by 50% and lipid peroxidation levels in 20% (6). In vivo has been shown that the Noni extract protects smokers from oxidative damage induced by smoke snuff and found to decrease by 23% O2 .- and lipid peroxidation in 27% (1).This effect may play an important role in preventing health problems associated with increased oxidative stress such as cancer, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Anticarcinogenic Effect
Studies on the antitumor activity of Noni began in 1992 when Dr. Hirazumi at the University of Hawaii showed that the alcoholic extract of the fruit was on lines of action lung cancer in mice, work that was presented at the 83rd Annual Conference American Association for Cancer Research. He concluded that the extract suppressed tumor growth directly by stimulating the immune system. It also showed that survival had increased healing effects even when the extract combined with insufficient doses of chemotherapy, which indicates that Noni enhances the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs and may benefit patients by decreasing the required dose of these drugs to have the same effect (1).Recently, Dr. Wang and colleagues demonstrated the effect of the extract of Noni in cultured cell lines of leukemia, found that at low doses induces apoptosis (programmed cell death is triggered within the affected cell) and at higher doses, necrosis (death inflammatory cell, produced a violent injury and cell disruption). This shows the direct cellular effects of Noni in tumor cells by regulating the cell death process. This study also demonstrated the synergistic effect with other drugs Noni tumor, increasing their effectiveness and allowing lower your dose, which would improve their tolerance and decrease its toxic effects, especially on the immune system (1).In 1993 appeared in the journal Cancer Letters a report from Dr. Hiramatzu who reported an inhibitory effect on the role of ras oncogene by anthraquinone-like substance isolated from Noni, the damnacanthal. This oncogene is involved in intracellular signal transduction in several human cancers including lung, colon, pancreas and leukemia. Another study reported later by Hiwasa similar inhibitory activity on tyrosine kinases, proteins involved in regulating cell growth and cancer (7).Also reported an inhibitory effect on cell transformation (one of the steps involved in the origin of cancer) for two glycosides extracted from Noni in a study published by Dr. Dong in the journal Cancer Research. This effect correlated with inhibitory activity on protein AP-1 (7.8).Another potential mechanism by which Noni can block tumor growth is angiogenesis, the process by which the tumor creates new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and provide a pathway to secrete substances that alter the body's functions. Noni extract shown to inhibit the onset of capillary formation in breast tumors and degeneration of the already formed (9).
Antimicrobial Effect
Antibacterial Effect. It has been shown that components of Noni as acubina, L-asperula and alizarin, found in the fruit and the anthraquinones present in their roots, they work as antibacterial agents (1).These compounds have shown activity against bacteria that cause human diseases such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus Morgani, Staphylococcus aureus, Baciillis subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. These substances are responsible for the effectiveness of Noni to treat skin infections and respiratory and other problems caused by bacteria (1).Noni may also help combat gastritis and peptic ulcers by inhibiting the growth of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (1).
Tuberculosis Effect.
It is reported that Noni extract is capable of removing 89% of the tubercle bacilli in cultures, being almost as effective as anti-tuberculosis drug rifampin, which inhibits 97% of the bacilli at the same concentration (10).Among the components identified in the composition of Noni have antituberculosis activity are: E-phytol, cycloartenol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesta-5 ,7,22-trien-3-ol and the ketosteroids stigmasta-4-en- 3-one and stigmasta-4-22-dien-3-one (10).E-phytol, a mixture of two ketosteroids, and the derivative epidioxisterol campesta ,7,22-trien-5-3-ol have shown a pronounced anti-TB activity (10).
Antiviral Effect.
Antiviral Effect.
Umezawa and colleagues isolated a compound called 1-methoxy-2-formyl-3-hidroxiantraquinona from the roots of the Noni. This compound proved to suppress the cytopathic effect of HIV on infected MT-4 cells, but without inhibiting cell growth.
Antifungal effect.
Antifungal effect.
Dr. Scott Gerson 2002 presented his study on the antimicrobial effects of extract of Noni, finding that it inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans (1).
Antiparasitic effects.
Antiparasitic effects.
It has been shown that the ethanol extract of noni leaves induces paralysis and death of human parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, with its significant effect in one day (1).
Anti-inflammatory Effect
Traditionally, Noni has been used orally and topically for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions. It has been shown experimentally that the Noni extract is able to reduce the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenan and bradykinin, this effect is probably related to B2 receptor blockade (11).It has also been shown that the Noni extract has a selective inhibitory effect of the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) comparable to that of celecoxib (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 specific) (1).
Analgesic Effect
It has been reported that Noni has analgesic and relaxing activities. In a study in mice showed that the extract of Noni has a central analgesic dose-dependent significant. The analgesic efficacy of the Noni extract was 75% as strong as morphine but without presenting their side effects and addictive (1, 12).We hypothesize that the Xeronine is able to bind to a point adjacent to the receptor binding site of beta-endorphin, which may explain the analgesic effect, along with the sense of well being experienced by people who use Noni (1, 12).
Immunomodulator Effect
It has been shown that the Noni extract at different concentrations inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), a cytokine that plays an important role in the immune response, but the excess of which is related to serious health problems such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease (1).Noni also contains a polysaccharide-rich substance called noni-ppt, which activates the elements of the immune system (specifically T cells) increased their toxicity on tumor cells. Noni-ppt is capable of stimulating the release of several mediators of the immune response and IL-1b, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-g and nitric oxide (13).
Healing Effect
It has been shown in several studies of the Noni extract stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans in primary cultures of normal human fibroblasts (14).A recent study developed by Kim and colleagues showed that the component responsible for these effects Noni is the 1.4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-metilantraquinona. This substance is able to significantly increase the production of type I procollagen peptide C-terminal and glycosaminoglycans, while reducing the expression of metalloproteinase-1 (enzyme that degrades collagen) in a dose-dependent.These findings support the traditional use of noni as a healing agent and open the possibility of using it as an anti-wrinkle agent due to its strong induction of biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix components.
Antihypertensive Effect
One of the traditional uses of Noni is the management of hypertension. Several researchers have shown that extracts of noni have hypotensive effects in experimental models. Also, studies show that Noni has a diuretic effect (1).
Hormonal Effect
Some women in the postmenopausal stage refer consuming Noni vaginal bleeding, and users tesmonios offered by the International Noni Noni Communication Council (INCC) indicate its utility to restore the normal cycle in premenopausal women. These findings reveal the presence of a weak estrogenic component in Noni, having been confirmed experimentally that promotes cornification of vaginal epithelial cells and has uterotrophic effect. It has also been reported that Noni improves quality of life for women in menopause, assessing physical and mental aspects (15).
Neuropsychological Effects
Noni has been used traditionally to treat mental health problems such as stress, depression, anxiety and drug addiction. It has been shown that Noni may regulate the concentration of brain serotonin. This substance acts as a neurotransmitter and reducing their levels is related to clinical conditions such as depression. Noni provides high concentrations of precursors of serotonin and tryptophan. Also, some substances in its composition and scopoletin xeronine can directly regulate the activity of serotonin (1).
Current Medical Applications
- Respiratory: pharyngitis, common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis.
- Problems Gastrointestinal: gastritis, ulcers and gastric duenodenales, gastroesophageal reflux, food poisoning, diarrhea, parasites, nausea.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, thyroiditis, Crohn's Disease, Lupus Erythematosus.
- Viral infections: Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr Virus, HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis virus, post viral fatigue syndrome, viral thyroiditis.
- Fungal infections: athlete's foot, vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral candidiasis.
- Terms of fever.
- Injuries and Fractures.
- Benign Tumors: Uterine fibroids, warts.
- Malignant skin, breast, lung, colon, pancreas, leukemia.- Problems Urogenital: Pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual cramps.
- Problems Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus Types 1 and 2, hypercholesterolemia.- Cardiovascular problems: hypertension, atherosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy.
- Joint problems: Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout.- Skin problems: burns, wounds, ulcers, abscesses, cellulitis, ringworm, blisters, dandruff.
- Psychological problems: depression, hypomania, Anxiety, Stress, Substance Abuse.PresentationsCapsules: Bottle of 120 capsules of 350 mg.Recommended DoseAdults: Eat the original Kaita Noni The capsules can be consumed at a rate of 1 to 2 units before each main meal.
Anti-inflammatory Effect
Traditionally, Noni has been used orally and topically for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions. It has been shown experimentally that the Noni extract is able to reduce the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenan and bradykinin, this effect is probably related to B2 receptor blockade (11).It has also been shown that the Noni extract has a selective inhibitory effect of the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) comparable to that of celecoxib (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 specific) (1).
Analgesic Effect
It has been reported that Noni has analgesic and relaxing activities. In a study in mice showed that the extract of Noni has a central analgesic dose-dependent significant. The analgesic efficacy of the Noni extract was 75% as strong as morphine but without presenting their side effects and addictive (1, 12).We hypothesize that the Xeronine is able to bind to a point adjacent to the receptor binding site of beta-endorphin, which may explain the analgesic effect, along with the sense of well being experienced by people who use Noni (1, 12).
Immunomodulator Effect
It has been shown that the Noni extract at different concentrations inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), a cytokine that plays an important role in the immune response, but the excess of which is related to serious health problems such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease (1).Noni also contains a polysaccharide-rich substance called noni-ppt, which activates the elements of the immune system (specifically T cells) increased their toxicity on tumor cells. Noni-ppt is capable of stimulating the release of several mediators of the immune response and IL-1b, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-g and nitric oxide (13).
Healing Effect
It has been shown in several studies of the Noni extract stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans in primary cultures of normal human fibroblasts (14).A recent study developed by Kim and colleagues showed that the component responsible for these effects Noni is the 1.4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-metilantraquinona. This substance is able to significantly increase the production of type I procollagen peptide C-terminal and glycosaminoglycans, while reducing the expression of metalloproteinase-1 (enzyme that degrades collagen) in a dose-dependent.These findings support the traditional use of noni as a healing agent and open the possibility of using it as an anti-wrinkle agent due to its strong induction of biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix components.
Antihypertensive Effect
One of the traditional uses of Noni is the management of hypertension. Several researchers have shown that extracts of noni have hypotensive effects in experimental models. Also, studies show that Noni has a diuretic effect (1).
Hormonal Effect
Some women in the postmenopausal stage refer consuming Noni vaginal bleeding, and users tesmonios offered by the International Noni Noni Communication Council (INCC) indicate its utility to restore the normal cycle in premenopausal women. These findings reveal the presence of a weak estrogenic component in Noni, having been confirmed experimentally that promotes cornification of vaginal epithelial cells and has uterotrophic effect. It has also been reported that Noni improves quality of life for women in menopause, assessing physical and mental aspects (15).
Neuropsychological Effects
Noni has been used traditionally to treat mental health problems such as stress, depression, anxiety and drug addiction. It has been shown that Noni may regulate the concentration of brain serotonin. This substance acts as a neurotransmitter and reducing their levels is related to clinical conditions such as depression. Noni provides high concentrations of precursors of serotonin and tryptophan. Also, some substances in its composition and scopoletin xeronine can directly regulate the activity of serotonin (1).
Current Medical Applications
- Respiratory: pharyngitis, common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis.
- Problems Gastrointestinal: gastritis, ulcers and gastric duenodenales, gastroesophageal reflux, food poisoning, diarrhea, parasites, nausea.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, thyroiditis, Crohn's Disease, Lupus Erythematosus.
- Viral infections: Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr Virus, HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis virus, post viral fatigue syndrome, viral thyroiditis.
- Fungal infections: athlete's foot, vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral candidiasis.
- Terms of fever.
- Injuries and Fractures.
- Benign Tumors: Uterine fibroids, warts.
- Malignant skin, breast, lung, colon, pancreas, leukemia.- Problems Urogenital: Pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual cramps.
- Problems Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus Types 1 and 2, hypercholesterolemia.- Cardiovascular problems: hypertension, atherosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy.
- Joint problems: Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout.- Skin problems: burns, wounds, ulcers, abscesses, cellulitis, ringworm, blisters, dandruff.
- Psychological problems: depression, hypomania, Anxiety, Stress, Substance Abuse.PresentationsCapsules: Bottle of 120 capsules of 350 mg.Recommended DoseAdults: Eat the original Kaita Noni The capsules can be consumed at a rate of 1 to 2 units before each main meal.
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